XIV. Observations on the Structure of the Fruit in the Order of Cucurbitaceæ

The fruit in this natural order does not appear to have been well understood by most botanists; and I shall therefore attempt to give a general view of what appears to me to be its structure; and most of the parts are visible in the section which is here given (Plate IX. Fig. 1.) of the beautiful but insipid Indian Melon (Cucumis Melo) called Phuti.The outer parietes (Fig. 1. a,) when young, are thick, fleshy, and undivided by sutures, with an uniform rind, not separable from the fleshy part. As the fruit ripens, the rind in some cases becomes so thin as to be unable to contain the pulpy matter, and bursts either gradually, as in the melon, or with elasticity as in the Momordica and Elaterium of Tournefort. At other times, the rind hardens either into a thin substance like leather or strong paper, as in the Luffa, or into a strong ligneous covering, as in the Cucurbita leucanthema or gourd. In these cases, it sometimes opens horizontally, by means of an operculum, which falls off and leaves an aperture for the seeds, as in Fig. 2. representing the summit of the Luffa called Picinna in the Hortus Malabaricus.