The association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and hypertensive disorders in T2DM patients: a case-control study in the Han Chinese population

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health problem. The rate of infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is more than one-third of the total world population. The effects of T. gondii infection on the risk of diabetic complications and comorbidities are unclear. This study aims to determine the relationship between T. gondii infection and complications of T2DM in the Han Chinese population. We collected 1580 blood samples from T2DM patients and measured the levels of specific IgG antibodies against T. gondii in the sera of these patients using an ELISA assay. A logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of T. gondii infection on the complications of T2DM, while adjusting for age, gender, and triglyceride level (TG). We applied the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method to detect the interactions between T. gondii infections, demographic indexes and biochemical indicators among the different complications. Gender (the odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95%CI =0.45–0.89, P = 0.008) and TG level (OR = 0.64, 95%CI =0.45–0.89, P = 0.009) were influencing factors in T. gondii infections. T2DM patients who were infected with T. gondii had a 2.34 times risk of developing hypertension than those patients without T. gondii infection (OR = 2.34, 95%CI = 1.12–4.88, P = 0.024). The multiplicative interaction analysis and the additive interaction analysis did not reveal any evidence of interactive effects on diabetic complications and comorbidities. T. gondii might be a factor associated with hypertension in T2DM patients.