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Strong Modulation of Short Wind Waves and Ka-Band Radar Return Due to Internal Waves in the Presence of Surface Films. Theory and Experiment
- Source :
- Remote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 2462, p 2462 (2021), Remote Sensing; Volume 13; Issue 13; Pages: 2462
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Strong variability of Ka-band radar backscattering from short wind waves on the surface of water covered with surfactant films in the presence of internal waves (IW) was studied in wave tank experiments. It has been demonstrated that modulation of Ka-band radar return due to IW strongly depends on the relationship between the phase velocity of IW and the velocity of drifting surfactant films. An effect of the strong increase in surfactant concentration was revealed in convergent zones, associated with IW orbital velocities in the presence of a “resonance” surface steady current, the velocity of which was close to the IW phase velocity. A phenomenological model of suppression and modulations in the spectrum of small-scale wind waves due to films and IW was elaborated. It has been shown that backscatter modulation could not be explained by the modulation of free (linear) millimeter-scale Bragg waves, but was associated with the modulation of bound (parasitic) capillary ripples generated by longer, cm–dm-scale waves—a “cascade” modulation mechanism. Theoretical analysis based on the developed model was found to be consistent with experiments. Field observations which qualitatively illustrated the effect of strong modulation of Ka-band radar backscatter due to IW in the presence of resonance drift of surfactant films are presented.
- Subjects :
- Materials science
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Ka-band radar backscattering
internal waves
short wind waves
radar modulation transfer function
surfactant films
Science
0211 other engineering and technologies
02 engineering and technology
01 natural sciences
law.invention
law
Wind wave
Phenomenological model
Modulation (music)
Wave tank
Radar
021101 geological & geomatics engineering
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Resonance
Internal wave
Computational physics
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Phase velocity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20724292
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 2462
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Remote Sensing
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....8d2e341f169f7ce925205d7acc3ffc77