Stereotactic body radiation therapy for adrenal gland metastases: outcome and predictive factors from a multicenter analysis

Adrenal metastases occur in 15–35% of oncological patients. Surgery is the first treatment option. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been largely explored in oligometastatic patients unfit for surgery, representing an effective and non-invasive local treatment. The results of a multi-institutional experience of SBRT on adrenal metastases in the oligorecurrent or oligoprogressive setting are herein reported. We collected data of adrenal gland metastases treated with SBRT in three Italian centers from 2010 to 2020. End-points of the present study were: Overall survival (OS), Local control of treated metastases (LC), Progression free survival (PFS), and toxicity. 149 adrenal gland metastases were treated with SBRT in 142 patients. The most common primary tumor was lung cancer (58.4%), followed by kidney cancer (9.4%). Median lesion’s volume was 28.5 cm3 (2.5–323.4). The median SBRT dose was 40 Gy (10–60). Median follow-up was 14.4 months. One- and two-year OS were 72.3% and 53.5%. At univariate analysis performance status correlated with survival (HR 1.57, p = 0.006). One- and two-year LC were 85.4% and 79.2%, with lung primary tumor (HR 0.33, p = 0.021) and BED10 (HR 0.97, p = 0.036) significant independent factors. One- and two-year PFS were 37.7% and 24.8%. Median time to polymetastatic disease was 11.3 months. Grade 1 and 2 toxicity occurred in 21 (14.7%) and 3 (2.1%) patients. The results from this large multi-center study confirm the efficacy and safety of SBRT in the management of adrenal gland metastases, as a valid alternative to other more invasive local approaches.