Effect of phosphogypsum use as a waste recycling on GHG emissions by mineral carbonisation method

The release of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere as a result of anthropogenic sources and industrial applications has triggered the increase in global temperatures called global warming and related climate change. Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the wet process phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production process, which chemically consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4•2H2O) with some impurities. Annual PG accumulation has reached 300 Mtons and a strategy is needed to ensure efficient, continuous and bulk consumption. Due to the high amount of calcium it contains, PG is a material suitable for use in CO2 capture and storage processes to form stable solid carbonate compounds. This process, called mineral carbonization of PG, contributes to sustainable development goals by providing the multiple benefits of both the utilization of an industrial by-product and the realization of CO2 capture and storage technology.