Calibrating SoilGen2 for interglacial soil evolution in the Chinese Loess Plateau considering soil parameters and the effect of dust addition rhythm

To better understand interglacial paleosol development by quantifying the paleosol development processes on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), we need a soil genesis model calibrated for long timescales. Here, we calibrate a process-based soil genesis model, SoilGen2, by confronting simulated and measured soil properties for the Holocene and MIS-13 paleosols formed in the CLP for various parameter settings. The calibration was made sequentially on three major soil process formulations, including decalcification, clay migration and soil organic carbon, which are represented by various process parameters. The order of the tuned parameters was based on sensitivity analyses performed previously on the loess in West European and the CLP. After the calibration of the intrinsic soil process parameters, the effect of uncertainty of dust deposition rate on calibration results was assessed. Our results show that the simulated soil properties are very sensitive to ten reconstructed dust deposition scenarios, reflecting the propagation of uncertainty of dust deposition in model simulations. Our results also show the equal importance of calibrating soil process parameters and defining correct external forcings in the future use of soil models. Our calibrated model allows interglacial soil simulation in the CLP over long timescales.