Increasing nutrition literacy: testing the effectiveness of print, web site, and game modalities

Objective To examine the effectiveness of three modalities for delivery of nutrition education. Design Between-subjects, repeated-measures design. Setting Data were collected at community agencies or during home visits. Participants Low-income, European American and African American mothers (N = 155). Intervention Participants were exposed to nutrition education material in 1 of 3 modalities (a computer game, The Fantastic Food Challenge; Web site; or pamphlet). Likeability, nutrition knowledge, intention to use, and demographic measures followed the intervention at T1 and T2. Main Outcome Measures 5-point Likert-type scales measured likeability (5 items), and 33 multiple-choice questions measured knowledge. Analysis Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) procedures using SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) software, P Results Overall, the Web site was liked more than the other conditions with this audience of women. Significant differences in attention, understanding, and intent to use the information existed across modalities. The Web site performed better than other modalities on knowledge outcomes, with no differences in knowledge retention from T1 toT2. Conclusions and Implications The Web site modality performed best with this audience of women, indicating that interactive computer games may not confer greater benefits than traditional modes of information delivery for all audiences, particularly those with low computer skills.