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The Dimensions of Tokenism in Patient and Family Engagement: A Concept Analysis of the Literature
- Source :
- Journal of Patient Experience, Journal of Patient Experience, Vol 7 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Patient engagement (PE) has become embedded in discussions about health service planning and quality improvement, and the goal has been to find ways to observe the potential beneficial outcomes associated with PE. Patients and health care professionals use various terms to depict PE, for example, partnership and collaboration. Similarly, tokenism is consistently used to describe PE that has gone wrong. There is a lack of clarity, however, on the meanings and implications of tokenism on PE activities. The objective of this concept analysis was to examine the peer-reviewed and gray literature that has discussed tokenism to identify how we currently understand and use the concept. This review discusses 4 dimensions of tokenism: unequal power, limited impact, ulterior motives, and opposite of meaningful PE. These dimensions explicate the different components, meanings, and implications of tokenism in PE practice. The findings of this review emphasize how tokenism is primarily perceived as negative by supporters of PE, but this attribution depends on patients’ preferences for engagement. In addition, this review compares the dimensions of tokenism with the levels of engagement in the International Association of the Public Participation spectrum. This review suggests that there are 2 gradations of tokenism; while tokenism represents unequal power relationships in favor of health care professionals, this may lead to either limited or no meaningful change or change that is primarily aligned with the personal and professional goals of clinicians, managers, and decision-makers.
- Subjects :
- Health (social science)
content analysis
Leadership and Management
Tokenism
patient perspectives/narratives
law.invention
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
meaningful engagement
law
qualitative evidence synthesis
tokenism
Health care
030212 general & internal medicine
Research Articles
concept analysis
lcsh:R5-920
patient engagement
business.industry
030503 health policy & services
Health Policy
Content analysis
Public participation
General partnership
CLARITY
0305 other medical science
Psychology
business
Attribution
lcsh:Medicine (General)
Social psychology
Qualitative research
qualitative methods
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 23743735
- Volume :
- 7
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of patient experience
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....89890a59c62ef06c0cd1bf01bbdce408