Back to Search
Start Over
Role of ACE2 receptor and the landscape of treatment options from convalescent plasma therapy to the drug repurposing in COVID-19
- Source :
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Since the first case reports in Wuhan, China, the SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic and took lives of > 8,35,000 people globally. This single-stranded RNA virus uses Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for entry into the host cell. Overexpression of ACE2 is mainly observed in hypertensive, diabetic and heart patients that make them prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mitigations strategies were opted globally by the governments to minimize transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via the implementation of social distancing norms, wearing the facemasks, and spreading awareness using digital platforms. The lack of an approved drug treatment regimen, and non-availability of a vaccine, collectively posed a challenge for mankind to fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this scenario, repurposing of existing drugs and old treatment options like convalescent plasma therapy can be one of the potential alternatives to treat the disease. The drug repurposing provides a selection of drugs based on the scientific rationale and with a shorter cycle of clinical trials, while plasma isolated from COVID-19 recovered patients can be a good source of neutralizing antibody to provide passive immunity. In this review, we provide in-depth analysis on these two approaches currently opted all around the world to treat COVID-19 patients. For this, we used “Boolean Operators” such as AND, OR & NOT to search relevant research articles/reviews from the PUBMED for the repurposed drugs and the convalescent plasma in the COVID-19 treatment. The repurposed drugs like Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine, Tenofovir, Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Darunavir, Oseltamivir, Arbidol (Umifenovir), Favipiravir, Anakinra, and Baricitinib are already being used in clinical trials to treat the COVID-19 patients. These drugs have been approved for a different indication and belong to a diverse category such as anti-malarial/anti-parasitic, anti-retroviral/anti-viral, anti-cancer, or against rheumatoid arthritis. Although, the vaccine would be an ideal option for providing active immunity against the SARS-CoV-2, but considering the current situation, drug repurposing and convalescent plasma therapy and repurposed drugs are the most viable option against SARS-CoV-2. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11010-020-03924-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
China
medicine.medical_specialty
Oseltamivir
Clinical Biochemistry
Favipiravir
Approved drug
Article
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Humans
Medicine
Rheumatoid arthritis
Intensive care medicine
Pandemics
Molecular Biology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Repurposing
Herd immunity
Anakinra
SARS-CoV-2
business.industry
Drug Repositioning
Immunization, Passive
COVID-19
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Vaccine nationalism
Cell Biology
General Medicine
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Clinical trial
Drug repositioning
Cytokine storm syndrome
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
Vertical transmission
ARDS
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
business
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15734919 and 03008177
- Volume :
- 476
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....88bf88186fd1bda198be82df80e70f76