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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibody prevalence in Mauritanian livestock (cattle, goats, sheep and camels) is stratified by the animal’s age
- Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 4, p e0009228 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Public Library of Science, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is one of the most widespread zoonotic arthropod-borne viruses in many parts of Africa, Europe and Asia. It belongs to the family of Nairoviridae in the genus of Orthonairovirus. The main reservoir and vector are ticks of the genus Hyalomma. Livestock animals (such as cattle, small ruminants and camels) develop a viremias lasting up to two weeks with absence of clinical symptoms, followed by seroconversion. This study was carried out to assess risk factors that affect seroprevalence rates in different species. In total, 928 livestock animal samples (cattle = 201; sheep = 247; goats = 233; camels = 247) from 11 out of 13 regions in Mauritania were assayed for CCHFV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (including a novel indirect camel-IgG-specific CCHFV ELISA). Inconclusive results were resolved by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). A generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) was used to draw conclusions about the impact of certain factors (age, species, sex and region) which might have influenced the CCHFV antibody status of surveyed animals. In goats and sheep, about 15% of the animals were seropositive, whereas in cattle (69%) and camels (81%), the prevalence rate was significantly higher. On average, cattle and camels were up to twice to four times older than small ruminants. Interestingly, the seroprevalence in all species was directly linked to the age of the animals, i.e. older animals had significantly higher seroprevalence rates than younger animals. The highest CCHFV seroprevalence in Mauritania was found in camels and cattle, followed by small ruminants. The large proportion of positive animals in cattle and camels might be explained by the high ages of the animals. Future CCHFV prevalence studies should at least consider the age of surveyed animals in order to avoid misinterpretations.<br />Author summary Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a silent threat that repeatedly causes severe hemorrhagic disease in humans who have been in close contact with livestock of endemic countries. The detection of CCHFV IgG antibodies in livestock can be a first indication whether the virus circulates in a given region and is thus a valuable diagnostic tool for determining the endemic status. Interestingly, earlier data from Mauritania showed a noticeable difference in IgG prevalence between sheep (18%) and cattle (67%). In contrast to sheep and cattle, current monitoring data on CCHFV IgG antibody presence in camels and goats in Mauritania is very limited. This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive up-to-date overview of CCHFV seroprevalences in the four most important Mauritanian livestock species (cattle, sheep, goats and camels). It attempts to highlight the role of potential risk factors responsible for deviating prevalences. In addition, we developed a camel-specific IgG ELISA, which can be used in future CCHFV seroprevalence studies. Furthermore, findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the current epidemiological CCHFV situation in sub-Saharan Africa and which role different livestock species play regarding the viral circulation in endemic regions.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Male
Veterinary medicine
Physiology
RC955-962
Prevalence
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Biochemistry
Serology
Geographical Locations
0302 clinical medicine
Ticks
Camels
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Immune Physiology
Medicine and Health Sciences
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays
Animal Management
Mammals
Immune System Proteins
biology
Goats
Mauritania
Eukaryota
Agriculture
Ruminants
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
Infectious Diseases
Vertebrates
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo
Livestock
Female
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Research Article
Camelus
030231 tropical medicine
Immunology
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Research and Analysis Methods
Antibodies
03 medical and health sciences
Seroprevalence
Animals
Seroconversion
Immunoassays
Sheep
business.industry
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
Proteins
biology.organism_classification
030104 developmental biology
Vector (epidemiology)
Amniotes
People and Places
Africa
Immunologic Techniques
Cattle
Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean
business
Hyalomma
Zoology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 19352735 and 19352727
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....88681e1c716ad220f742db9b20bff763