Basic processes in phytoremediation and some applications to air pollution control

In this short review, basic processes for phytoremediation and plant enzymes that are potentially useful in phytoremediation are briefly summarized. The remaining part describes the applications of the basic processes to decontaminate pollutants in the environments that have been done in our laboratory. Our work includes (1) analysis of the capability of various naturally occurring plants to decontaminate atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and selection of nitrogen-dioxide-philic plants that grow with nitrogen dioxide as the sole nitrogen source, (2) production of transgenic plants to improve plants' capability to decontaminate atmospheric nitrogen dioxide, and (3) analysis of the denitrification process in plants to innovate a gas--gas-converting plants that convert nitrogen dioxide to nitrogen gas.