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A Methodology for the Enhancement of the Energy Flexibility and Contingency Response of a Building through Predictive Control of Passive and Active Storage
- Source :
- Energies, Vol 14, Iss 1387, p 1387 (2021), Energies; Volume 14; Issue 5; Pages: 1387
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Optimal management of thermal energy storage in a building is essential to provide predictable energy flexibility to a smart grid. Active technologies such as Electric Thermal Storage (ETS) can assist in building heating load management and can complement the building’s passive thermal storage capacity. The presented paper outlines a methodology that utilizes the concept of Building Energy Flexibility Index (BEFI) and shows that implementing Model Predictive Control (MPC) with dedicated thermal storage can provide predictable energy flexibility to the grid during critical times. When the utility notifies the customer 12 h before a Demand Response (DR) event, a BEFI up to 65 kW (100% reduction) can be achieved. A dynamic rate structure as the objective function is shown to be successful in reducing the peak demand, while a greater reduction in energy consumption in a 24-hour period is seen with a rate structure with a demand charge. Contingency reserve participation was also studied and strategies included reducing the zone temperature setpoint by 2∘C for 3 h or using the stored thermal energy by discharging the device for 3 h. Favourable results were found for both options, where a BEFI of up to 47 kW (96%) is achieved. The proposed methodology for modeling and evaluation of control strategies is suitable for other similar convectively conditioned buildings equipped with active and passive storage.
- Subjects :
- Control and Optimization
contingency reserve
Computer science
020209 energy
passive storage
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
02 engineering and technology
energy flexibility
predictive control
thermal storage
active storage
BEFI
model-based control
010501 environmental sciences
Thermal energy storage
lcsh:Technology
01 natural sciences
Automotive engineering
Setpoint
Demand response
Load management
Peak demand
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Engineering (miscellaneous)
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
lcsh:T
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
business.industry
Energy consumption
Smart grid
business
Thermal energy
Energy (miscellaneous)
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19961073
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Energies
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....870c27dea9f5b9b6d85ad4e64edaf988