Hematopoietic potential of mouse placenta with the application of placenta flushing

Several major vascular tissues, such as the aorta-gonad-mesonephros región (AGM), yolk sac, and fetal liver have been confirmed to possess hematopoietic function. Recently, the placenta has been demonstrated as another hematopoietic organ. However, it is not conclusive whether the placenta possesses hematopoietic ability. Therefore, we undertook a series of experiments to study the hematopoietic functions of placenta. Fetal blood circulation in the placenta is difficult to be eliminated and its interference in the study of placental hematopoiesis is inevitable. With the application of placental flushing, fetal blood contained in the placenta was eliminated. We then made the further study of placental hematopoiesis after the El2.5 placenta was flushed. Our studies showed that placental cells expressing Sca-1, CD117 and CD34 were mainly restricted to the embryonic vessels of E12.5 placenta. The results of fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACs) analysis and colony forming cells (CFC) assay demonstrated that both placenta and placental blood contained hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HS/PCs), including CFU-GMs, CFU-GEMMs, BFU-Es, and HPP-CFCs. The frequency of HS/PCs in the placenta was 2-3 times that of placental blood. Therefore, it is necessary to clear placental blood out of the placenta in the studies of the hematopoietic potential of placenta. The placenta still possessed the hematopoietic potential after the fetal blood is flushed out. These observations provide further evidences that the placenta is a hematopoietic organ, as has been proposed for other embryonic hematopoietic sites.