Intrauterine insemination results are not affected if Hysterosalpingo Contrast Sonography is used as the sole test of tubal patency

Objective To assess whether women can be assigned to intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatment on the basis of fallopian tubal patency, diagnosed by Hysterosalpingo Contrast Sonography (Hy Co Sy). Design Case controlled, clinical study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Patient(s) The cases were consecutive, infertile women who underwent Hy Co Sy and IUI. The control group was women who had IUI over the same period but whose tubal patency was assessed by hysterosalpingogram (HSG) or laparoscopy and dye (lap and dye). Intervention(s) Women with bilateral patency at Hy Co Sy and with unexplained, anovulatory, or male factor infertility underwent IUI using the partner's (IUI-H) or donor's (IUI-D) semen. Their outcome was compared with that of cohorts of women who had been examined using HSG or lap and dye. Main outcome measure(s) Clinical pregnancy rate per cycle and cumulative pregnancy rates at IUI-H or IUI-D. Result(s) The clinical pregnancy rates per cycle at IUI-H or IUI-D did not differ among the three groups. The cumulative pregnancy rates after three cycles of IUI-H were 0.17, 0.15, and 0.17 in the Hy Co Sy, HSG, and lap and dye cohorts, respectively, and 0.69, 0.77, and 0.54 in the same groups after six cycles of IUI-D. There were no differences in the clinical characteristics or stimulation regimes used. Conclusion(s) Women screened as "normal" by Hy Co Sy may be allocated to treatments that rely on accurate assessment of tubal patency without compromising their chance of conception.