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Antifungal Photodynamic Activity of Hexyl-Aminolevulinate Ethosomes Against Candida albicans Biofilm
- Source :
- Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 11 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media S.A., 2020.
-
Abstract
- Biofilm formation is responsible for the development of chronic and recurrent Candida albicans infections. The generation of biofilms is commonly accompanied by high resistance to conventional antifungal drugs, which can increase up to 1,000-fold. Fortunately, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has shown excellent potential to treat biofilm infections. However, the current most commonly used photosensitizer (PS), aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is hydrophilic, unstable, and has low permeability, leading to unsatisfactory effects on biofilm eradication. To solve these problems, more stable lipophilic PSs and more effective permeability carriers could be considered as two effective solutions. Hexyl-aminolevulinate (HAL) has good bioavailability as a PS, and we proved in a previous study that ethosomes (ES), lipid-based nanocarriers, promote percutaneous drug penetration. In our previous study, a HAL-ES system presented superior photodynamic effects compared to those of ALA or HAL alone. Therefore, here, we aim to evaluate the biological effects of HAL-ES-mediated aPDT on C. albicans biofilm. An XTT sodium salt assay showed that aPDT using 0.5% HAL decreased C. albicans biofilm activity by 69.71 ± 0.43%. Moreover, aPDT with 0.5% HAL-ES further decreased biofilm activity by 92.95 ± 0.16% and inhibited growth of 25.71 ± 1.61% within 48 h, mostly via its effect on the hyphae growth, which correlated with a three-fold increase in C. albicans plasma membrane permeabilization. Notably, HAL-ES-mediated aPDT significantly reduced the sessile minimum inhibitory concentration 50 (SMIC50) of fluconazole to
- Subjects :
- Microbiology (medical)
lcsh:QR1-502
Drug resistance
Microbiology
biofilm
lcsh:Microbiology
03 medical and health sciences
Minimum inhibitory concentration
Candida albicans
ethosomes
medicine
hexyl-aminolevulinate
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
biology
030306 microbiology
Chemistry
Biofilm
medicine.disease
biology.organism_classification
Antimicrobial
Corpus albicans
photodynamic therapy
Systemic candidiasis
Fluconazole
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Volume :
- 11
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Microbiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....85fb0ac602b72617d3ef68491f801362