Back to Search
Start Over
Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on Cytokine Expression Involved in Insulin Resistance
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12898, p 12898 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a prevalent disorder characterized by recurrent apnea or hypoxia episodes leading to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and arousals during sleep. Currently, the relationship between SAS and metabolic diseases is being actively analyzed, and SAS is considered to be an independent risk factor for the development and progression of insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Accumulating evidence suggests that the short cycles of decreased oxygen saturation and rapid reoxygenation, a typical feature of SAS, contribute to the development of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. In addition to IH, several pathological conditions may also contribute to insulin resistance, including sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and the activation of inflammatory cytokines. However, the detailed mechanism by which IH induces insulin resistance in SAS patients has not been fully revealed. We have previously reported that IH stress may exacerbate insulin resistance/T2DM, especially in hepatocytes, adipocytes, and skeletal muscle cells, by causing abnormal cytokine expression/secretion from each cell. Adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, and the liver are the main endocrine organs producing hepatokines, adipokines, and myokines, respectively. In this review, we focus on the effect of IH on hepatokine, adipokine, and myokine expression.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
QH301-705.5
intermittent hypoxia
myokines
Adipokine
Adipose tissue
Review
Type 2 diabetes
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
Insulin resistance
insulin resistance
Internal medicine
Glucose Intolerance
Myokine
medicine
Animals
Humans
Biology (General)
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Endothelial dysfunction
sleep apnea syndrome
Hypoxia
QD1-999
adipokines
Molecular Biology
Spectroscopy
hepatokines
business.industry
Organic Chemistry
Intermittent hypoxia
General Medicine
Hypoxia (medical)
medicine.disease
Computer Science Applications
Chemistry
Endocrinology
Cytokines
medicine.symptom
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14220067
- Volume :
- 22
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....856a82323a2bda1b783d045bc04ea52b