Mutant GATA3 Actively Promotes the Growth of Normal and Malignant Mammary Cells

Background/aim GATA3, a transcription factor expressed in luminal breast epithelial cells, is required for mammary gland development. Heterozygous GATA3 mutations occur in up to 15% of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumors and have been proposed to be null alleles resulting in haploinsufficiency; however, the mutation spectrum of GATA3 in breast cancer is in sharp contrast to that found in HDR syndrome, a true GATA3 haploinsufficiency disease. Materials and methods Transgenic mice, 3D cultures and xenografts were used to examine the effect of mutant GATA3 expression on mammary cell proliferation. Results Mutant GATA3 accelerated tumor growth of ZR751 cell xenografts and promoted precocious lobuloalveolar development in transgenic mouse mammary glands. Conclusion GATA3 mutations, recently observed in breast cancer, encode active transcription factors, which elicit proliferative phenotypes in normal mammary epithelium and promote the growth of ER-positive breast cancer cell lines.