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Environmental and Sociological Factors Associated with the Incidence of West Nile Virus Cases in the Northern San Joaquin Valley of California, 2011–2015
- Source :
- Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Mary Ann Liebert Inc, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Environmental and socioeconomic risk factors associated with the incidence of human West Nile virus (WNV) cases were investigated in the Northern San Joaquin Valley region of California, a largely rural area. The study included human WNV cases from the years 2011 to 2015 in the three-county area of San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Merced Counties, and used census tracts as the unit of analysis. Environmental factors included temperature, precipitation, and WNV-positive mosquito pools. Socioeconomic variables included age, housing age, housing foreclosures, median income, and ethnicity. Chi-square independence tests were used to examine whether each variable was associated with the incidence of WNV cases using data from the three counties combined. In addition, negative binomial regression revealed that the environmental factors of temperature and precipitation were the strongest predictors of the incidence of human WNV cases, while the socioeconomic factor of ethnicity was a significant predictor as well, and is a factor to consider in prevention efforts. Source reduction of mosquito breeding sites and targeted prevention and education remain key in reducing the risk associated with WNV.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Climate
Rain
viruses
030231 tropical medicine
Ethnic group
Culex tarsalis
Mosquito Vectors
precipitation
Microbiology
California
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Virology
Culex pipiens
Ethnicity
Animals
Humans
Socioeconomic status
Median income
biology
Incidence
Incidence (epidemiology)
Temperature
virus diseases
Original Articles
030108 mycology & parasitology
Census
biology.organism_classification
Culicidae
Infectious Diseases
Geography
Socioeconomic Factors
Rural area
San Joaquin
West Nile virus
West Nile Fever
housing foreclosures
Demography
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15577759 and 15303667
- Volume :
- 19
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....846b91501d86974b51ad8ffc2a8b1e30