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Proanthocyanidin-enriched extract from Myrothamnus flabellifolia Welw. exerts antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 by inhibition of viral adsorption and penetration
- Source :
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 134:468-474
- Publication Year :
- 2011
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2011.
-
Abstract
- Aim of the study Extracts from the aerial parts of the South African resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia Welw. have been used traditionally against infections of the upper respiratory tract and skin diseases. A polyphenol-enriched extract was investigated for potential antiviral effects against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and adenovirus, and the underlying mode of action was to be studied. Materials and methods Antiviral effects of an acetone–water extract (MF) from Myrothamnus flabellifolia on HSV-1 and adenovirus type 3 were tested in infected Vero cells by plaque reduction assay, MTT test and immunofluorescence. The influence of the extract on the HSV-1 envelope glycoprotein D was shown by Western blot. Organotypic full thickness skin models consisting of multilayer skin equivalents were used for the investigation of MF effects on HSV-1 replication. Results MF exhibited strong antiviral activity against HSV-1. The HSV-1-specific inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined as 0.4 μg/mL and the cytotoxic concentration (CC50) against Vero cells as 50 μg/mL. A selectivity index (SI) (ratio of CC50 to IC50) of approximately 120 was calculated when MF was added to the virus inoculum for 1 h at 37 °C prior to infection. The replication of adenovirus 3 was not affected by MF. MF abolished virus entry into the host cell by blocking viral attachment to the cell surface. When added after attachment at a concentration of >6 μg/mL, the extract also inhibited penetration of HSV-1 into the host cell. Polyphenolic compounds from MF directly interacted with viral particles, leading to the oligomerisation of envelope proteins as demonstrated for the essential viral glycoprotein D (gD). Using organotypic full thickness tissue cultures, it was shown that treatment of HSV-1 infected cultures with the MF resulted in reduced viral spread. Conclusions A polyphenol-enriched extract from Myrothamnus flabellifolia strongly acts against HSV-1 by blocking viral entry into the cells.
- Subjects :
- Keratinocytes
Adenoviridae Infections
Virus Integration
viruses
Herpesvirus 1, Human
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Antiviral Agents
Virus
Adenoviridae
Cell Line
Microbiology
Inhibitory Concentration 50
Magnoliopsida
Viral Envelope Proteins
Western blot
Viral entry
Chlorocebus aethiops
Drug Discovery
medicine
Animals
Humans
Cytotoxic T cell
Proanthocyanidins
Vero Cells
Skin
Pharmacology
medicine.diagnostic_test
Plant Extracts
Herpes Simplex
Plant Components, Aerial
Herpes simplex virus
Cell culture
Vero cell
Phytotherapy
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 03788741
- Volume :
- 134
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....841e2bae51e0cb16b4d595d3e069594c