Where is the best site for wave energy exploitation? Case study along the coast of northern Latium (ITALY)

This is the accepted manuscript of the paper " Where is the best site for wave energy exploitation? Case study along the coast of northern Latium (ITALY)", published as final paper in "J Coast Conserv20,13–29 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-015-0414-8" Paladini de Mendoza, F., Bonamano, S., Stella, G.et al.Where is the best site for wave energy exploitation? Case study along the coast of northern Latium (ITALY).J Coast Conserv20,13–29 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-015-0414-8 The present work proposes a siting process for the detection of a suitable site for wave energy exploitation. The choice of a suitable site is based on the good agreement between energy availability, environmental sustainability, and equipped facilities to exploit wave energy. The case study in the northern Latium coast is explicative because in this area there are several activities that affect marine ecosystems, and the introduction of renewable energies promote the reduction of anthropic pressures. The nearshore wave power is studied through the numerical wave model (CMS-Wave), and available wave buoys along the coast were used to compare numerical results. In correspondence with Civitavecchia harbour, the largest nearshore wave energy was found; the large depth in front of the breakwater allows to conserve a great part of offshore wave power, with an average dissipation rate of 10% less than offshore, with mean annual available wave energy of 25.4MWh/m and seasonal fluctuation of 5.4MWh/m. This area appears to be an optimal site for nearshore and shoreline wave energy device tests and installations, for energy availability (intermediate level respect Mediterreanean Sea), low potential environmental impact, easier accessibility, and policy oriented towards a larger sustainability of harbour activities.