Back to Search
Start Over
Thermodynamic, Economic and Environmental Analyses of Ammonia-Based Mixed Refrigerant for Liquefied Natural Gas Pre-Cooling Cycle
- Source :
- Processes, Vol 9, Iss 1298, p 1298 (2021), Processes, Volume 9, Issue 8
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Analyzing the entire liquefaction cycle, using a large temperature span with many degrees of freedom, may not always result in a practical solution. The objective of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using an environmentally friendly refrigerant compound, ammonia, in the mixed refrigerant (MR) for the liquefied natural gas (LNG) pre-cooling cycle through thermodynamic performance, economic analyses and environmental impact. Fifteen cases studies within three major mixed refrigerants groups of MR-1, MR-2 and MR-3 were developed by adding ammonia to various molar compositions of lighter and heavier hydrocarbons. The thermodynamic analysis shows increasing ammonia’s concentrations in the mixed refrigerant by 10% had the largest enhancement on coefficient of performance (COP) of MR-1 by 0.67 and decreased the specific energy consumption of the pre-cooling cycle by 128 kJ/kg compared to the base case. Economic analyses revealed that the mixed refrigerant MR-1, with ammonia, methane, ethane and propane, benefited the most from higher concentration of ammonia in the mixed refrigerant, which resulted in both lower annual capital and operational costs by $2.52 MM and $3.67 MM, respectively. Lastly, reducing the methane concentration in MR and replacing it with ammonia, decreased the amount of refrigerant leakage through compressor’s seals and reduced the global warming potential index (GWPI) of mixed refrigerant up to 24.3%.
- Subjects :
- Exergy
020209 energy
Bioengineering
02 engineering and technology
refrigerant leakage
TP1-1185
ammonia
Methane
Refrigerant
chemistry.chemical_compound
Ammonia
020401 chemical engineering
Propane
cost
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)
0204 chemical engineering
QD1-999
exergy
Process Chemistry and Technology
Chemical technology
Liquefaction
pre-cooling
Coefficient of performance
Pulp and paper industry
Chemistry
chemistry
global warming potential index (GWPI)
Environmental science
liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Liquefied natural gas
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 22279717
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 1298
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Processes
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....83009602c76b346002a731158e4f4f63