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Transit detection of the long-period volatile-rich super-Earth ν2 Lupi d with CHEOPS

Authors :
Sergio Hoyer
Vardan Adibekyan
J.-B. Delisle
Nuno C. Santos
David Barrado
Enric Palle
Damien Ségransan
Isabella Pagano
Malcolm Fridlund
Antonio García Muñoz
M. Steller
A. Deline
Guillem Anglada-Escudé
A. Bekkelien
Nicolas Billot
Ignasi Ribas
Don Pollacco
Roberto Ragazzoni
Yann Alibert
T. Bárczy
Gaetano Scandariato
H. P. Osborn
L. Borsato
Alain Lecavelier des Etangs
Heike Rauer
Thomas G. Wilson
M. Beck
Mahmoudreza Oshagh
L. Delrez
Nicholas A. Walton
Roi Alonso
S. G. Sousa
Stéphane Udry
M. J. Hooton
Kevin Heng
S. Sulis
Manuel Guedel
Göran Olofsson
Vincent Bourrier
Michaël Gillon
Anders Erikson
Monika Lendl
Didier Queloz
Davide Gandolfi
Olivier Demangeon
Luca Fossati
Nicolas Thomas
Wolfgang Baumjohann
Pierre F. L. Maxted
Brice-Olivier Demory
S. C. C. Barros
Alexis M. S. Smith
Willy Benz
Andrea Bonfanti
Sébastien Charnoz
Melvyn B. Davies
Juan Cabrera
Magali Deleuil
Alexis Brandeker
J. Haldemann
László L. Kiss
Giampaolo Piotto
Valerio Nascimbeni
Christopher Broeg
Andrea Fortier
Jacques Laskar
Christophe Lovis
D. Futyan
Valérie Van Grootel
Pascal Guterman
Gyula M. Szabó
A. E. Simon
Francisco J. Pozuelos
Andrew Collier Cameron
David Ehrenreich
S. Salmon
Xavier Bonfils
Nathan Hara
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal)
European Commission
Swiss National Science Foundation
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Generalitat de Catalunya
Belgian Science Policy Office
Université de Liège
Austrian Research Promotion Agency
Hungarian Scientific Research Fund
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
Cavendish Laboratory
University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)
Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE)
Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)
Laboratoire d'astrophysique de l'observatoire de Besançon (UMR 6091) (LAOB)
Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF)
Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW)
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM)
Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG)
Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG )
Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France
Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE)
Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris
Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
ANR-18-IDEX-0001,Université de Paris,Université de Paris(2018)
Université de Genève (UNIGE)
Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Source :
Nature Astronomy, 5, 775-787, Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC, instname, Nature Astronomy, Nature Astronomy, 2021, 5, pp.775-787. ⟨10.1038/s41550-021-01381-5⟩, Nature Astronomy, Nature Publishing Group, 2021, 5, pp.775-787. ⟨10.1038/s41550-021-01381-5⟩
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021.

Abstract

Delrez, L., et al.<br />Exoplanets transiting bright nearby stars are key objects for advancing our knowledge of planetary formation and evolution. The wealth of photons from the host star gives detailed access to the atmospheric, interior and orbital properties of the planetary companions. ν Lupi (HD 136352) is a naked-eye (V = 5.78) Sun-like star that was discovered to host three low-mass planets with orbital periods of 11.6, 27.6 and 107.6 d via radial-velocity monitoring. The two inner planets (b and c) were recently found to transit, prompting a photometric follow-up by the brand new Characterising Exoplanets Satellite (CHEOPS). Here, we report that the outer planet d is also transiting, and measure its radius and mass to be 2.56 ± 0.09 R and 8.82 ± 0.94 M, respectively. With its bright Sun-like star, long period and mild irradiation (~5.7 times the irradiation of Earth), ν Lupi d unlocks a completely new region in the parameter space of exoplanets amenable to detailed characterization. We refine the properties of all three planets: planet b probably has a rocky mostly dry composition, while planets c and d seem to have retained small hydrogen–helium envelopes and a possibly large water fraction. This diversity of planetary compositions makes the ν Lupi system an excellent laboratory for testing formation and evolution models of low-mass planets.<br />The MOC activities have been supported by ESA contract 4000124370. S.C. acknowledges financial support by LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001). This work was supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) through national funds and by FEDER (Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional) through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização with these grants: UID/FIS/04434/2019; UIDB/04434/2020; UIDP/04434/2020; PTDC/FIS-AST/32113/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032113; PTDC/FIS-AST/28953/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028953; PTDC/FIS-AST/28987/2017 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028987. S.C.C.B., S.G.S. and V.A. acknowledge support from FCT through contracts IF/01312/2014/CP1215/CT0004, CEECIND/00826/2018, POPH/FSE (EC) and IF/00650/2015/CP1273/CT0001. O.D.S.D. is supported in the form of a work contract (DL 57/2016/CP1364/CT0004) with national funds through FCT. M.J.H. acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Fund under grant 200020_172746. A.D. and D.E. acknowledge support from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project Four Aces; grant agreement 724427). S.H. acknowledges CNES funding through grant 837319. The Spanish scientific participation in CHEOPS has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development Fund through grants ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-2-R, ESP2017-87676-C5-1-R, PGC2018-098153-B-C31, PGC2018-098153-B-C33 and MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu–Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), as well as by the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. The Belgian participation in CHEOPS has been supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office in the framework of the PRODEX Programme of the ESA under contract PEA 4000131343, and by the University of Liège through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia–Brussels Federation. L.D. is an FRS-FNRS Postdoctoral Researcher. M. Gillon is an FRS–FNRS Senior Research Associate. V.V.G. is an FRS–FNRS Research Associate. M.L. acknowledges support from the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) under project 859724 ‘GRAPPA’. B.-O.D. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (PP00P2-190080). S. Salmon has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 833925, project STAREX). G.M.S. acknowledges funding from the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) grant GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00003 and K-119517. For Italy, CHEOPS activities have been supported by the Italian Space Agency, under the programmes ASI-INAF 2013-016-R.0 and ASI-INAF 2019-29-HH.0. L.B., G.P., I.P., G.S. and V.N. acknowledge funding support from the Italian Space Agency (ASI) regulated by ‘Accordo ASI-INAF 2013-016-R.0 del 9 luglio 2013 e integrazione del 9 luglio 2015’. A.C.C. and T.G.W. acknowledge support from STFC consolidated grant ST/M001296/1. D.G., X.B., S.C., M.F. and J.L. acknowledge their roles as ESA-appointed CHEOPS science team members. We thank S. R. Kane for sharing some RV data before their publication and L. D. Nielsen for helping to plan the CHEOPS observations on the basis of her analysis of the TESS data. We also thank M. Cretignier for his independent analysis of the HARPS RV data.

Details

ISSN :
23973366
Volume :
5
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Nature Astronomy
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....8189d6240ed856f355cb6d4337fe5bac