Analyzing the Factors Associated With Nocturia in Older People in the United States

Background The risk factors of nocturia in older adults remain unclear. We aimed to investigate factors associated with nocturia using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Methods Among 40,790 participants, 4,698 participants aged ≥65 years were included from the NHANES dataset between 2005 and 2012. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratio (OR) for nocturia. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on sex and underlying diseases. Results In the multivariate logistic regression model, obesity (OR, 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-1.68), hypertension (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07-1.52), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11-1.45) were significantly associated with nocturia. These factors were associated with nocturia regardless of sex. In a subgroup of participants with hypertension, obesity (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.25-1.67) and DM (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.45) were associated with nocturia. In the additional analysis on patients with DM, nocturia was associated with obesity (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06-1.67) and duration of DM (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03). Conclusion This study demonstrated that hypertension, DM, and obesity were significantly associated with the prevalence of nocturia in older adult patients regardless of sex. In particular, obesity was associated with nocturia in every subgroup analysis.