An elementary approach to the homological properties of constant-rank operators

We give a simple and constructive extension of Rai\c{t}\u{a}'s result that every constant-rank operator possesses an exact potential and an exact annihilator. Our construction is completely self-contained and provides an improvement on the order of the operators constructed by Rai\c{t}\u{a}, as well as the order of the explicit annihilators for elliptic operators due to Van Schaftingen. We also give an abstract construction of an optimal annihilator for constant-rank operators, which extends the optimal construction of Van Schaftingen for elliptic operators. Lastly, we establish a generalized Poincar\'e lemma for constant-rank operators and homogeneous spaces on $\mathbb{R}^d$, and we prove that the existence of potentials on spaces of periodic maps requires a strictly weaker condition than the constant-rank property.
Comment: v3 22 pages, we added an an observation about the homology associated with operators acting on periodic maps, comments still welcome!