Ambroise Paré (1510–1590): on the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder dislocations

This article aims to summarize the treatment methods for shoulder dislocations supported by Ambroise Pare, and his clinical and academic contribution to this subject. Ambroise Pare (1510–1590) was one of the most prominent surgeons of his time, and one of the most significant innovators of the Renaissance in the fields of military operation, bandages, wound healing, bloodletting, close blood vessels techniques and cesarean section. For many, he is considered “the Father of Modern Surgery”. In our search we went through the literature in Pubmed and Google Scholar as well as the works of Hippocrates and Galen and several other ancient and medieval authors. His work on shoulder injuries and dislocations is outstanding. In this work, he uses the classifications of Hippocrates (460–377 BC) and Galen (130–201 BC). He also uses the reduction techniques, ointments, bandages, cooling creams and treatment options described by the ancient medical authors. Pare is heavily based on the work of previous authors on shoulder dislocations. He uses the work of Hippocrates and Galen as well as the additions made in the Cannon of Medicne of Avicenna. Ambroise Pare in his excellent work on shoulder dislocations uses the classifications of Hippocrates and Galen and the reduction techniques, cooling ointments, bandages and post-reduction management options as previously described by Hippocrates himself.