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General population normative data for the EQ-5D-3L in the five largest European economies
- Source :
- The European Journal of Health Economics, European Journal of Health Economics, 22(9), 1467-1475. Springer-Verlag
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Aim The EQ-5D is a generic measure of health that is widely applied for health economic and non-economic purposes. Population norms can be used to facilitate the interpretation of EQ-5D data. The objective of this study was to develop a set of pooled normative EQ-5D-3L values for the five largest European economies (EUR5). Methods EQ-5D-3L index values based on the time trade-off (TTO) were available for all EUR5 countries (n = 21,425): France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom (UK). Country-specific data sets were aggregated and weighted to facilitate the derivation of norms for gender and age groups. Analyses included equal weighting and weighting by population and economy size. Norms were also calculated using the European visual analog scale-based value set (European VAS), the EQ VAS and separately by dimension. Results Pooled mean (SD) population weighted TTO values for males/females were 0.967 (0.122)/0.959 (0.118) for ages 18–24; 0.965 (0.096)/0.954 (0.117) for ages 25–34; 0.943 (0.165)/0.936 (0.169) for ages 35–44; 0.934 (0.150)/0.921 (0.157) for ages 45–54; 0.896 (0.188)/0.875 (0.197) for ages 55–64; 0.900 (0.158)/0.839 (0.218) for ages 65–74; and 0.830 (0.234)/0.756 (0.291) for ages 75 and older. Mean values decreased and variance increased with age; females had slightly lower mean values than males across all age bands. The unequal weighting approaches produced similar point estimates with smaller variances. Mean values for the European VAS were slightly lower than those for the TTO-based index. Discussion Normative EQ-5D-3L values can be used to benchmark the outcomes of treated patients against the health of the general population. EUR5 norms may be useful in research applications inferring to Europe or the European Union as a whole, particularly when sample size precludes analysis at the country level.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Male
Index (economics)
Adolescent
Health Status
Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous)
Population
Young Adult
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
EQ-5D
Population norms
Germany
Surveys and Questionnaires
Humans
media_common.cataloged_instance
Point estimation
European union
education
Aged
Pain Measurement
media_common
Original Paper
education.field_of_study
Health Policy
Middle Aged
EUR5
Pooled variance
Geography
Economy
Health
Sample size determination
Cost-effectiveness models
Quality of Life
Normative
Female
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16187601 and 16187598
- Volume :
- 22
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The European Journal of Health Economics
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7fa7e9b1632887017b97837e7a13e67b