International Governance Perspectives on Nanotechnology Water Innovation

As nanotechnology applications are being developed to provide novel solutions to many of the world’s water problems—from developing improved desalination methods to cleaning up emerging pollutants—the international community has a unique opportunity to develop and implement new kinds of governance systems that will ensure that these applications can reach the market quickly, efficiently, and successfully. National and international regulatory bodies, from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States to the United Nations Water Program (UN-Water), can address this challenge of applying nanotechnology to improving water quality by adopting methodologies that spur innovation for development early in the research process, focusing on new ways of disseminating information about nanotechnology water applications, and considering the full life cycle of nanotechnology water applications. This chapter will investigate some of the ways that barriers to collaboration around nanotechnology water applications in the international arena can be overcome. It begins by diagnosing the need for policy interventions with respect to nanotechnology and water and then offers a series of recommendations for approaches that may successfully address these challenges. The main purpose is to present an emerging set of policy options that can accelerate the application of nanotechnology toward improving water quality. However, without appropriate supportive policy options that can advance innovation responsibly, there is a potential that these benefits could be lost due to delay, lack of commercialization opportunity, and poor public outreach and communication.