DNA barcoding as a molecular tool for vectors identification – review

Vector-borne diseases pose a serious threat to public health and animal husbandry and require special attention. Knowledge of the ecology of different insect species acting as vectors of multiple infectious agents will be crucial for the development and implementation of appropriate and effective vector control strategies to reduce the impact of the diseases they transmit. However, the main limitation is that morphological methods for identifying insect species are time consuming and require taxonomic expertise. Inaccurate identification of vector species can have a significant impact on attempts to control their populations. One of the remarkable achievements of modern biology and molecular diagnostic methods is the development of accurate and reliable technologies for rapid screening of DNA sequence variations. Molecular identification and DNA barcoding is a relatively new taxonomic method that can be used to identify a species, including an unknown one. Closely related or unknown species can be differentiated. DNA barcoding is a standardized approach to identifying plants and animals through minimal DNA sequences called DNA bar-codes.
{"references":["Jinbo U., Kato T., Ito M. (2011). Current progress in DNA barcoding and future implications for entomology. Entomol Sci, 14:107–124","Sirivanakarn, S. (1977). A revision of the subgenus Lophoceraomyia of the genus Culex in the Ori-ental region (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst (Ann Arbor), 13:1–245.","Hebert, P. D., Cywinska A., Ball S. L., de Waard J. R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proc Biol Sci, 270:313–321.","Hebert, P. D., Ratnasingham S., De Waard J. R. (2003). Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proc Biol Sci, 270(Suppl 1): S96–S99.","Rueanghiran, C., Apiwathnasorn C., Sangthong P., Samung Y., Ruangsittichai J. (2011). Utility of a set of conserved mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene primers for Mansonia annulata identification. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 42:1381–1387","Paz, A., Crawford A. J. (2012). Molecular-based rapid inventories of sympatric diversity: a com-parison of DNA barcode clustering methods applied to geography-based vs clade-based sampling of amphibians. J Biosci, 37:887–896.","Merget, B., Koetschan C., Hackl T., Forster F., Dandekar T., Muller T., Schultz J., Wolf M. (2012). The ITS2 Database. J Vis Exp, 61:pii: 3806","Sevilla, R. G., Diez A., Norn M., Mouchel O., Jerome M., Verrezagnis V., Van Pelt H., Favrery, L., Krey G., Bautista J.M. (2007). Primers and polymerase chain reaction conditions for DNA barcod-ing teleost fish based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b and nuclear rhodopsin genes. Mol Ecol Notes, 7:730–734.","Shen, Y. Y., Chen X., Murphy R. W. (2013). Assessing DNA barcoding as a tool for species identi-fication and data quality control. PLoS ONE, 8:e57125.","Vences, M., Thomas M., van der Meijden A., Chiari Y., Vieites D. R. (2005). Comparative perfor-mance of the 16S rRNA gene in DNA barcoding of amphibians. Front Zool, 2:5.","Chu, K. H., Li C., Qi J. (2006). Ribosomal RNA as molecular barcodes: a simple correlation anal-ysis without sequence alignment. Bioinformatics, 22:1690–1701.","Rach, J., Desalle R., Sarkar I. N., Schierwater B., Hadrys H. (2008). Character-based DNA barcod-ing allows discrimination of genera, species and populations in Odonata. Proc Biol Sci, 275:237–247.","Webster, B. L., Emery A. M., Webster J. P., Gouvras A., Garba A., Diaw O., Seye M. M., Tchuente L. A. T., Simoonga C., Mwanga J. (2012). Genetic diversity within Schistosoma haematobium: DNA barcoding reveals two distinct groups. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6:e1882","Laurito, M., de Oliveira T. M., Almiron W. R., Sallum M. A. M. (2013). COI barcode versus mor-phological identification of Culex (Culex) (Diptera: Culicidae) species: a case study using samples from Argentina and Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 108:110–122","Khamis, F. M., Masiga D. K., Mohamed S. A., Salifu D., de Meyer M., Ekesi S. (2012). Taxonomic identity of the invasive fruit fly pest. Bactrocera invadens: concordance in morphometry and DNA barcoding. PLoS One, 7:e44862","Roy, S., Tyagi A., Shukla V., Kumar A., Singh U. M., Chaudhary L. B., Datt B., Bag S. K., Singh P. K., Nair N. K. (2010). Universal plant DNA barcode loci may not work in complex groups: a case study with Indian Berberis species. PLoS ONE, 5:e13674","Schoch, C. L., Seifert K. A., Huhndorf S., Robert V., Spouge J. L., Levesque C. A., Chen W., Bol-chacova E., Voigt K., Crous P. W. (2012). Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012, 109:6241–6246.","Wang, G., Li C., Guo X., Xing D., Dong Y., Wang Z., Zhang Y., Liu M., Zheng Z., Zhang H. (2012). Identifying the main mosquito species in China based on DNA barcoding. PLoS ONE, 7:e47051","Kumar, N. P., Rajavel A. R., Natarajan R., Jambulingam P. (2007). DNA barcodes can distinguish species of Indian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 2007, 44:1–7.","Bourke, B. P., Oliveira T. P., Suesdek L., Bergo E. S., Sallum M. (2013). A multi-locus approach to barcoding in the Anopheles strodei subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasit Vectors, 6:111.","Rubinoff, D. (2006). DNA barcoding evolves into the familiar. Conser Biol, 20:1548–1549","Mathieu, B., Cêtre-Sossah C., Garros C., Chavernac D., Balenghien T., Vignes-Lebbe R., Ung V., Candolfi E., Delécolle J. C. (2010). IIKC: An Interactive Identification Key for female Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the West Palearctic region. In Proceedings of the international congress Tools for Identifying Biodiversity: Progress and Problems: 20-22 September; Paris. Edited by Nimis PL, Vignes-Lebbe R; 201–205","Goffredo, M., & Meiswinkel R. (2004). Entomological surveillance of bluetongue in Italy: methods of capture, catch analysis and identification of Culicoides biting midges. Vet. Ital., 40 (3), 260–265","Borkent, A. (2017). Ceratopogonidae. In: Kirk-Spriggs AH, Sinclair BJ, editors. Manual of Afrotropical Diptera, Volume 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera Suricata 5. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute; p. 733–812","Purse, B. V., Carpenter S., Venter G. J., Bellis G., Mullens B. A. (2015). Bionomics of temperate and tropical Culicoides midges: knowledge gaps and consequences for transmission of Culicoides-borne viruses. Annu Rev Entomol, 60:373–92.","Carpenter, S., Mellor P. S., Fall A. G., Garros C., Venter G. J. (2017). African horse sickness virus: history, transmission, and current status. Annu Rev Entomol, 62:343–58.","Mellor, P. S., Boorman J., Baylis M. (2000). Culicoides biting midges: their role as arbovirus vec-tors. Annu Rev Entomol, 45:307–40.","Akakpo, A. J., Wombou Toukam C. M., Mankor A., Ly C. (2011). Economic impact of African horse sickness outbreak in Senegal in 2007. Bull Anim Hlth Prod Afr., 59:1–16.","Diouf, N. D., Etter E., Lo M. M., Lo M., Akakpo A. J. (2012). Outbreaks of African horsesickness in Senegal, and methods of control of the 2007 epidemic. Vet Rec., 172:152.","Kasap, O. E., Votýpka J., Alten B. (2013). The distribution of the Phlebotomus major complex (Dip-tera: Psychodidae) in Turkey. Acta Trop, 127:204–11","Folmer, O., Black M., Hoeh W., Lutz R., Vrijenhoek R. (1994). DNA primers for amplifcation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol. 3:294–299.","Gunay, F., Alten B., Simsek F., Aldemir A., Linton Y. M. (2015). Barcoding Turkish Culex mos-quitoes to facilitate arbovirus vector incrimination studies reveals hidden diversity and new poten-tial vectors. Acta Trop, 143:112–20.","Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis pro-gram for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 41:95–8.","Tamura, K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A., Kumar S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol., 30:2725–9.","Puillandre, N., Lambert A., Brouillet S., Achaz G. (2012). ABGD, automatic barcode gap discovery for primary species delimitation. Mol Ecol., 21:1864–77.","Librado, P., Rozas J. (2009). DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymor-phism data. Bioinformatics, 25:1451.","WHO. (1990). Control of the leishmaniasis. WHO TRS No. 793 report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniasis, Geneva, 6–10 February 1989. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1990.","Dvorak, V., Kasap O. E., Ivovic V., Mikov O., Stefanovska J., Martinkovic F., Omeragic J., Pajovic I., Baymak D., Oguz G., Hlavackova K., Gresova M., Gunay F., Vaselek S., Ayhan N., Lestinova T., Cvetkovikj A., Soldo D. K., Katerinova I., Tchakarova S., Yılmaz A., Karaoglu B., Iranzo J. R., Kadriaj P., Velo E., Ozbel Y., Petric D., Volf P., Alten B. (2020). Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in eight Balkan countries: historical review and region-wide entomological survey. Parasit Vectors. 13(1):573. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04448-w.","Campbell, J. A., Pelham-Clinton E. C. (1960). A taxonomic review of the British species of Culi-coides Latreille (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Proc R Soc Edingb B. 1960;67:181–302","Becker, N., Petric D., Zgomba M., Boase C., Dahl C., Madon M., Kaiser A. (2010). Mosquito and Their Control, 2nd ed. Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 577 p.","Xiang, B., Kochar T. D. (1991). Comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences of seven morphospe-cies of black flies Diptera. Genome, 34:306–311.","Wells, J. D., Stevens J. R. (2008). Application of DNA based methods in forensic entomology. An-nual Review of Entomology, 53:103–20","Sperling, F. A. H., Anderson G. S., Hickey D. A. (1994). A DNA-based approach to the identifica-tion of insect species used for postmortem interval estimation. Journal of Forensic Science. 39(2):418–427.","Kambhampati, S. (1995). A phylogeny of cockroaches and related insects based on DNA sequence of mitochindrial ribosomal RNA genes. Proceedings of National Academy Science, 92:2017–2020.","Tang, J., Pruess K., Cupp E. W., Unnasch T. R. (1996). Molecular phylogeny and typing of blackflies Diptera: Simuliidae that serve as vectors of human or bovine onchocerciasis. Medical Veterinary and Entomology, 10:228-234","Campbell, J., & Pelham-Clinton, E. (1960). X.—A Taxonomic Review of the British Species of Cu-licoides Latreille (Diptera, Ceratopogonidæ). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Sec-tion B. Biology, 67(3), 181–302","Hernández-Triana, L. M., Crainey J. L., Hall A., Fatih F., Mackenzie-Dodds J., Shelley A. J., Zhou X., Post R. J., Gregory R. T., Hebert D. N. (2012). The utility of DNA barcoding for species identi-fication within the blackfly Subgenus Trichodagmia Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium) and related taxa in the New World. Zootaxa 3154: 43–69.","Hernández-Triana, L. M., Brugman V. A., Prosser S. W. J., Weland C., Nikilova N., Thorne L., de Marco M. F., Fooks A. R., Johnson N. (2017). Molecular approaches for blood meal analysis and species identification of mosquitoes (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) in rural locations in southern England, United Kingdom. Zootaxa 4250: 067–076.","Hernández-Triana, L. M., Prosser S. W., Rodríguez-Pérez M. A., Chaverri L. G., Hebert P. D. N., Gregory T. R. (2014). Recovery of DNA barcodes from blackfly museum specimens (Diptera: Sim-uliidae) using primer sets that target a variety of sequence lengths. Molecular Ecology Resources 4: 508–18."]}