Capacidad de respuesta frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe

Objetivo Analizar la evolucion de la pandemia de COVID-19 en paises de America Latina y el Caribe en sus primeros 90 dias y su asociacion con variables relacionadas con las medidas de salud publica y caracteristicas demograficas, sanitarias y sociales Metodos Se analizo la tendencia de nuevos casos diarios y la tasa cruda de mortalidad por COVID-19 (TCM) traves de la metodologia de analisis de regresion Joinpoint, utilizando el Programa de Regresion de Joinpoint 4 8 0 1 Los datos se obtuvieron del registro Our World in Data Se realizo un analisis de correspondencias multiple entre las medidas de salud publica adoptadas en cada pais frente a la pandemia de COVID-19 (medido a traves del indice de rigor de la Universidad de Oxford), las condiciones sanitarias, demograficas y sociales y los resultados de la evolucion de la pandemia Se utilizo el programa SPSS Resultados El analisis de regresion Joinpoint indica que el mayor crecimiento en el numero de casos se observa en Brasil (11,3%) y la mayor velocidad de crecimiento en la TCM en Mexico (16,2%) El analisis de correspondencia multiple identifico que la TCM se asocia con la poblacion total, el indice de rigor, el nivel de urbanizacion, la proporcion de la poblacion que vive con menos de un dolar al dia, la prevalencia de diabetes y el numero de camas hospitalarias Conclusiones Los paises de la region muestran una evolucion heterogenea en la incidencia de COVID-19 Esta heterogeneidad se asocia tanto con las medidas de salud publica adoptadas, asi como con el tamano de la poblacion, los niveles de pobreza y los sistemas de salud preexistentes Objective To analyze the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin American and Caribbean countries in its first 90 days and its association with variables related to public health measures, and demographic, health and social characteristics Methods The trend in new daily cases and the crude mortality rate (CMR) from COVID-19 were analyzed through the Joinpoint regression analysis methodology, using the Joinpoint Regression Program 4 8 0 1 Data was obtained from the Our World in Data registry A multiple correspondence analysis was performed between the public health measures adopted in each country to face the COVID-19 pandemic (measured through the stringency index, Oxford University) and sanitary, demographic and social conditions, and the results of the evolution of the pandemic SPSS software was used Results The Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the highest increase in the number of cases was observed in Brazil (11 3%) and the highest increase in CMR in Mexico (16 2%) The multiple correspondence analysis showed that CMR was associated with the total population, the stringency index, the level of urbanization, the proportion of the population living on less than one dollar a day, the prevalence of diabetes and the number of hospital beds Conclusions The countries of the region show a heterogeneous evolution in the incidence of COVID-19 This heterogeneity is associated with both the public health measures adopted, as well as with the population size, poverty levels and pre-existing health systems