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Implication of Pseudo Reference Genes in Normalization of Data from Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR

Authors :
Ayyasamy Vanniarajan
Sekaran Balaji
Source :
Gene. 757
Publication Year :
2020

Abstract

Pseudogenes are duplicated or retrotransposed DNA sequences of native functional genes. Amplification of pseudogenes along with gene of interest often produces false positive results, which is an innate problem in Reverse Transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Selecting a reference gene without any interference from pseudogene amplification is therefore a challenge to overcome. Among the common reference genes used for normalization (ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT1, TUBB, RNA18SN1 and B2M), B2M was found to have no pseudogenes in silico, which has also been confirmed by PCR and RT-qPCR. We also assessed the effect of pseudogenes on the determination of the stability of reference genes through data mining. The phylogenetic analysis of pseudogenes and functional genes revealed high sequence similarity among mammals. In addition, we demonstrated the deduction of pseudogene amplification signal using ValidPrime Assay (VPA) under conditions where genomic DNA contamination could not be avoided. Hence, we recommend the use of pseudo-free reference gene with consistent expression in the samples of interest or use VPA normalization method, where genomic DNA or pseudogene amplification is inevitable.

Details

ISSN :
18790038
Volume :
757
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Gene
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....7d436f5437dad92dfe94e5cd97c84e9c