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Is the Infection of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Associated With the Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients?

Authors :
Esensi Tarian Geometri
Afiahayati
Hendra Wibawa
Muhammad Buston Ardlyamustaqim
Gunadi
Bunga Citta Nirmala
Slamet
Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih
Nungki Anggorowati
Nur Rahmi Ananda
Sri Handayani Irianingsih
Yunika Puspadewi
Siti Khoiriyah
Irene Tania
Irene
Gita Christy Gabriela
Kristy Iskandar
Lestari
Riat El Khair
Vivi Setiawaty
Ina Lestari
Siswanto
Dyah Ayu Puspitarani
Khanza Adzkia Vujira
Eggi Arguni
Abirafdi Amajida Darutama
Anisa Adityarini Kuswandani
Edwin Widyanto Daniwijaya
Ika Trisnawati
Marcellus
Tri Wibawa
Laudria Stella Eryvinka
Titik Nuryastuti
Mohamad S. Hakim
Endah Supriyati
Source :
Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 8 (2021), Frontiers in Medicine
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Frontiers Media SA, 2021.

Abstract

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant (B.1.617.2) has been responsible for the current increase in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infectivity rate worldwide. We compared the impact of the Delta variant and non-Delta variant on the COVID-19 outcomes in patients from Yogyakarta and Central Java provinces, Indonesia.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we ascertained 161 patients, 69 with the Delta variant and 92 with the non-Delta variant. The Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencer was used to perform the whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2.Results: The mean age of patients with the Delta variant and the non-Delta variant was 27.3 ± 20.0 and 43.0 ± 20.9 (p = 3 × 10−6). The patients with Delta variant consisted of 23 males and 46 females, while the patients with the non-Delta variant involved 56 males and 36 females (p = 0.001). The Ct value of the Delta variant (18.4 ± 2.9) was significantly lower than that of the non-Delta variant (19.5 ± 3.8) (p = 0.043). There was no significant difference in the hospitalization and mortality of patients with Delta and non-Delta variants (p = 0.80 and 0.29, respectively). None of the prognostic factors were associated with the hospitalization, except diabetes with an OR of 3.6 (95% CI = 1.02–12.5; p = 0.036). Moreover, the patients with the following factors have been associated with higher mortality rate than the patients without the factors: age ≥65 years, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease with the OR of 11 (95% CI = 3.4–36; p = 8 × 10−5), 27 (95% CI = 6.1–118; p = 1 × 10−5), 15.6 (95% CI = 5.3–46; p = 6 × 10−7), 12 (95% CI = 4–35.3; p = 1.2 × 10−5), and 6.8 (95% CI = 2.1–22.1; p = 0.003), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥65 years, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension were the strong prognostic factors for the mortality of COVID-19 patients with the OR of 3.6 (95% CI = 0.58–21.9; p = 0.028), 16.6 (95% CI = 2.5–107.1; p = 0.003), 5.5 (95% CI = 1.3–23.7; p = 0.021), and 5.8 (95% CI = 1.02–32.8; p = 0.047), respectively.Conclusions: We show that the patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant have a lower Ct value than the patients infected by the non-Delta variant, implying that the Delta variant has a higher viral load, which might cause a more transmissible virus among humans. However, the Delta variant does not affect the COVID-19 outcomes in our patients. Our study also confirms that older age and comorbidity increase the mortality rate of patients with COVID-19.

Details

ISSN :
2296858X
Volume :
8
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Frontiers in Medicine
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....7d2f9ea42f3ee2298c2ddffc35371b44
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.780611