The mutational signature profile of known and suspected human carcinogens in mice

Epidemiological studies have identified many environmental agents that appear to significantly increase cancer risk in human populations. By analysis of tumour genomes from mice chronically exposed to one of 20 known or suspected human carcinogens, we reveal that most agents do not generate distinct mutational signatures or increase mutation burden, with most mutations, including driver mutations, resulting from tissue specific endogenous processes. We identify signatures resulting from exposure to cobalt and vinylidene chloride and link distinct human signatures (SBS19 and SBS42) with 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP), a haloalkane and pollutant of drinking water, and find these and other signatures in human tumour genomes. We define the cross-species genomic landscape of tumours induced by an important compendium of agents with relevance to human health.