STVNa Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Response through the HDAC4 and Prdx2/ROS/Trx1 Pathways

Recent data show that cardiac hypertrophy contributes substantially to the overall heart failure burden. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of cardiac hypertrophy. Recent studies have reported that isosteviol inhibits myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in guinea pigs and H9c2 cells. This work investigated the protective mechanisms of isosteviol sodium (STVNa) against isoproterenol (Iso)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. We found that STVNa significantly inhibited H9c2 cell and rat primary cardiomyocyte cell surface, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and morphological integrity, and decreased the expression of mitochondrial function-related proteins Fis1 and Drp1. Furthermore, STVNa decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and upregulated the expression of antioxidant factors, Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2). Moreover, STVNa restored the activity of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in the nucleus. Together, our data show that STVNa confers protection against Iso-induced myocardial hypertrophy primarily through the Prdx2/ROS/Trx1 signaling pathway. Thus, STVNA is a potentially effective treatment for cardiac hypertrophy in humans.