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Biomarkers of effect as determined in human biomonitoring studies on hexavalent chromium and cadmium in the period 2008–2020
- Source :
- Digibug: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Digibug. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Granada, instname, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), instacron:RCAAP
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2021.
-
Abstract
- This research was supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement No 733032 HBM4EU.<br />A number of human biomonitoring (HBM) studies have presented data on exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] and cadmium (Cd), but comparatively few include results on effect biomarkers. The latter are needed to identify associations between exposure and adverse outcomes (AOs) in order to assess public health implications. To support improved derivation of EU regulation and policy making, it is of great importance to identify the most reliable effect biomarkers for these heavy metals that can be used in HBM studies. In the framework of the Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) initiative, our study aim was to identify effect biomarkers linking Cr(VI) and Cd exposure to selected AOs including cancer, immunotoxicity, oxidative stress, and omics/epigenetics. A comprehensive PubMed search identified recent HBM studies, in which effect biomarkers were examined. Validity and applicability of the markers in HBM studies are discussed. The most frequently analysed effect biomarkers regarding Cr(VI) exposure and its association with cancer were those indicating oxidative stress (e.g., 8-hydroxy-2 & rsquo;-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH)) and DNA or chromosomal damage (comet and micronucleus assays). With respect to Cd and to some extent Cr, 0-2-microglobulin (B2-MG) and N-acetyl-0-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) are well-established, sensitive, and the most common effect biomarkers to relate Cd or Cr exposure to renal tubular dysfunction. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 could serve as sensitive biomarkers of acute kidney injury in response to both metals, but need further investigation in HBM studies. Omics-based biomarkers, i.e., changes in the (epi-)genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome associated with Cr and/or Cd exposure, are promising effect biomarkers, but more HBM data are needed to confirm their significance. The combination of established effect markers and omics biomarkers may represent the strongest approach, especially if based on knowledge of mechanistic principles. To this aim, also mechanistic data were collected to provide guidance on the use of more sensitive and specific effect biomarkers. This also led to the identification of knowledge gaps relevant to the direction of future research.<br />European Commission 733032 HBM4EU
- Subjects :
- Oncology
Chromium
medicine.medical_specialty
toxic metals
Environmental Genotoxicity
010501 environmental sciences
Lipocalin
Hexavalent chromium
medicine.disease_cause
Effect biomarkers
01 natural sciences
Biochemistry
Transcriptome
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Renal tubular dysfunction
Internal medicine
medicine
Metabolome
cancer
oxidative stress
Humans
Toxic metals
Immunotoxicity
030212 general & internal medicine
Epigenetics
Nephrotoxicity
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
General Environmental Science
Cancer
immunotoxicity
business.industry
nephrotoxicity
Adverse Outcome Pathway
Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP)
Adverse outcome pathway (AOP)
Omics
3. Good health
Europe
Oxidative stress
Mode of action
Human Biomonitoring
Genotoxicidade Ambiental
Micronucleus
business
Biomarkers
Biological Monitoring
Cadmium
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Digibug: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Digibug. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Granada, instname, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP), instacron:RCAAP
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7a4dc79dc5de2bc13546fd2d7e2a7a9c
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110998