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Organisation structurale et moléculaire des lipides dans les aliments : impacts possibles sur leur digestion et leur assimilation par l'homme
- Source :
- Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, John Libbey Eurotext, 2011, 18 (6), pp.324-351. ⟨10.1684/ocl.2011.0415⟩, Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides, Vol 18, Iss 6, Pp 324-351 (2011), Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, 2011, 18 (6), pp.324-351. ⟨10.1684/ocl.2011.0415⟩
- Publication Year :
- 2011
- Publisher :
- HAL CCSD, 2011.
-
Abstract
- Revue réalisée en hommage à Michel Ollivon (Directeur de Recherche au CNRS, UMR8612, Châtenay-Malabry), décédé en juin 2007, qui a été à l’origine de la création du RMT Listral. Ce Réseau Mixte Technologique avec pour thématique les Lipides Structurés Alimentaires est coordonné par l’ACTIA et animé par Actilait. Les autres partenaires du réseau sont : F Sobolewski & JP Bodin (Enilia-Ensmic), K Duhem & JP Guyonnet (Cniel), JP Bergé & JP Gouygou (Ifremer Nantes), G Nassy (Ifip), Lebois & D Majou (Actia), P Gaborit & R Richoux (Actilait).; National audience; From the nutrition point of view, lipids are primarily considered as energy suppliers, their dietary intake having to be limited. In fact, lipids are sources of various fatty acids, and dietary recommendations include the required daily intakes in different fatty acids (fatty acid profile). Beyond these quantitative aspects, fatty acids are part of larger molecules, mainly triacylglycerols (TAG), that are organized in supramolecular structures as for example fat crystals and lipid droplets. Recent advances in nutrition research have demonstrated that these structures, and lipid organization in food matrices, influence digestibility and metabolism of fatty acids. Therefore, the members of the technological network Listral propose a synthesis of the knowledge about the influence of molecular and supramolecular structures of lipids on digestion and metabolic fate of dietary fatty acids originating from for the main food industry sectors. Fatty acids are mainly provided in the diet in the form of TAG, or phospholipids (PL) where they are esterified in external (sn-1, sn-3) or internal (sn-2) position of the glycerol backbone. They can also be found as ethyl esters (EE) in specific formulations. These molecular characteristics of the lipid molecules affect their hydrolysis and their absorption rate but also their metabolism in indifferent organs, as assessed in studies often using inter esterified fat sources. The results depend on the types of fatty acids (saturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids) but also on the model used for the studies: in vitro or in vivo studies ; animal model, human newborn or adult, either healthy or exhibiting some diseases. Among others, it was found that the crystal form and fat melting point as affected by the fatty acid profiles and the lipid molecular structures directly impact fatty acid absorption kinetics through modifications of lipolytic enzyme activities. However, in these studies, the relative effect of the thermal properties of lipids and the proportion of saturated fatty acids chains in sn-2 position were hardly distinguished. Supramolecular structures, namely type and size of the fat droplets and their interfacial composition, of lipids, either in their native forms or obtained after food processes, also affect the digestibility and absorption of lipids. This aspect is reviewed with specific focus on dairy, marine, meat, oil plant and egg products. The impact of other nutritional components present in these food matrices on the absorption of lipids is also discussed.
- Subjects :
- phospholipide
viande
Food industry
030309 nutrition & dietetics
Stereochemistry
lcsh:TP670-699
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Biochemistry
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Hydrolysis
meat
0302 clinical medicine
œuf
poisson
Lipid droplet
triaglycerol
lipid metabolism
[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering
Glycerol
Food science
métabolisme
phospholipid
huile végétale
2. Zero hunger
chemistry.chemical_classification
fish
0303 health sciences
functional properties
milk
acide gras
business.industry
Fatty acid
Metabolism
In vitro
vegetal oil
chemistry
cristallisation
crystallisation
egg
fatty acid
lcsh:Oils, fats, and waxes
triacylglycerol
business
Food Science
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- French
- ISSN :
- 12588210
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, John Libbey Eurotext, 2011, 18 (6), pp.324-351. ⟨10.1684/ocl.2011.0415⟩, Oléagineux, Corps gras, Lipides, Vol 18, Iss 6, Pp 324-351 (2011), Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, 2011, 18 (6), pp.324-351. ⟨10.1684/ocl.2011.0415⟩
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....797b15514c1116ef3724c1aebf3b25a4