A refractory hypertensive patient with fibromuscular dysplasia and multicystic dysplastic kidney

The case of a 16-year-old male patient with left renal artery stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and an atrophic kidney due to a right multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) who presented with refractory hypertension is reported. On continuous Doppler imaging, the peak systolic velocity (PSV) at the stenotic site of the left renal artery was 404 cm/s. The FMD formed a "string-of-beads" appearance on computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and renal artery angiography. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) with a balloon catheter was performed, after which the left renal artery returned to near normal, and his blood pressure decreased to within the normal range. In this case, the main cause of refractory hypertension was considered to have been renal artery stenosis due to left FMD.