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Brevisulcenals-A1 and A2, Sulfate Esters of Brevisulcenals, Isolated from the Red Tide Dinoflagellate Karenia brevisulcata
- Source :
- Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 82, p 82 (2021), Toxins, Volume 13, Issue 2
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Two different types of polycyclic ether toxins, namely brevisulcenals (KBTs) and brevisulcatic acids (BSXs), produced by the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevisulcata, were the cause of a toxic incident that occurred in New Zealand in 1998. Four major components, KBT-F, -G, -H, and -I, shown to be cytotoxic and lethal in mice, were isolated from cultured K. brevisulcata cells, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. New analogues, brevisulcenal-A1 (KBT-A1) and brevisulcenal-A2 (KBT-A2), toxins of higher polarity than that of known KBTs, were isolated from neutral lipophilic extracts of bulk dinoflagellate culture extracts. The structures of KBT-A1 and KBT-A2 were elucidated as sulfated analogues of KBT-F and KBT-G, respectively, by NMR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF), and by comparison with the spectra of KBT-F and KBT-G. The cytotoxicities of the sulfate analogues were lower than those of KBT-F and KBT-G.
- Subjects :
- 0106 biological sciences
Karenia brevisulcata
Chromatography
biology
010604 marine biology & hydrobiology
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Red tide
lcsh:R
Dinoflagellate
lcsh:Medicine
Ether
010402 general chemistry
Toxicology
biology.organism_classification
Tandem mass spectrometry
dinoflagellate
01 natural sciences
marine polyether
0104 chemical sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Sulfation
chemistry
red tide incident
Sulfate
harmful algal bloom
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726651
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 82
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7806ab055946eed00e1cba6a456652c1