Favorable outcome of experimental islet xenotransplantation without immunosuppression in a nonhuman primate model of diabetes

Significance Diabetes mellitus type 1 is an autoimmune disease that results in irreversible destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Substantial advances have been made in beta cell replacement therapies during the last decades. However, lack of eligible donor organs and the need for chronic immunosuppression to prevent rejection critically limit widespread application of these strategies. In this manuscript, we present an experimental study using a bioartificial pancreas device for the transplantation of xenogeneic islet without affecting the immune system in nonhuman primates. We could demonstrate stable graft function and adequate glucose-regulated insulin secretion without the need for immunosuppressive medication. This strategy opens up new avenues for more widespread and safe application of various cell-based therapies.