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Docosahexaenoic Acid–Derived Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFAs) With Anti-inflammatory Properties
- Source :
- Diabetes. 65:2580-2590
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- American Diabetes Association, 2016.
-
Abstract
- White adipose tissue (WAT) is a complex organ with both metabolic and endocrine functions. Dysregulation of all of these functions of WAT, together with low-grade inflammation of the tissue in obese individuals, contributes to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of marine origin play an important role in the resolution of inflammation and exert beneficial metabolic effects. Using experiments in mice and overweight/obese patients with type 2 diabetes, we elucidated the structures of novel members of fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids—lipokines derived from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and linoleic acid, which were present in serum and WAT after n-3 PUFA supplementation. These compounds contained DHA esterified to 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HLA) or 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (HDHA), termed 9-DHAHLA, 13-DHAHLA, and 14-DHAHDHA, and were synthesized by adipocytes at concentrations comparable to those of protectins and resolvins derived from DHA in WAT. 13-DHAHLA exerted anti-inflammatory and proresolving properties while reducing macrophage activation by lipopolysaccharides and enhancing the phagocytosis of zymosan particles. Our results document the existence of novel lipid mediators, which are involved in the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects attributed to n-3 PUFAs, in both mice and humans.
- Subjects :
- Lipopolysaccharides
Male
0301 basic medicine
Docosahexaenoic Acids
medicine.drug_class
Adipose Tissue, White
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Linoleic acid
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
White adipose tissue
Biology
Anti-inflammatory
Linoleic Acid
Mice
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Insulin resistance
Phagocytosis
3T3-L1 Cells
Adipocytes
Internal Medicine
medicine
Animals
Humans
Obesity
Cells, Cultured
Inflammation
chemistry.chemical_classification
food and beverages
Fatty acid
Esters
Lipid signaling
Macrophage Activation
medicine.disease
Mice, Inbred C57BL
030104 developmental biology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
chemistry
Biochemistry
Docosahexaenoic acid
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Insulin Resistance
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1939327X and 00121797
- Volume :
- 65
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Diabetes
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....77e7bfc384db7a9b6b03907051a1e5ac