Mitral valve prolapse

To review the utility and the latest developments in three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography of mitral valve prolapse. Although 3D echocardiography was invented in 1974, it did not gain wide clinical acceptance until the introduction of real-time 3D echocardiography in the first decade of the 21st century. Driven by improvements in probe technology and increases in computing power, 3D echocardiography now provides unprecedented images of mitral valve prolapse and its associated mitral regurgitation with no or minimal requirements for image post processing. 3D echocardiography has become the echocardiographic modality of choice for establishing the diagnosis, describing the precise anatomy, and visualization of mitral regurgitant jets in mitral valve prolapse. 3D echocardiography is becoming indispensable in guiding surgical and percutaneous methods of mitral valve repair and replacement.