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Crosslinking Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Genipin and Its Activated Form Prepared by Warming It in a Phosphate Buffer: A Comparative Study
- Source :
- Materials, Vol 14, Iss 6600, p 6600 (2021), Materials; Volume 14; Issue 21; Pages: 6600, Materials
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- The aim of the present study was to compare the acute and cumulative cytotoxicity of intact (n-GE) and warmed genipin (w-GE), while investigating the differences in crosslinking capabilities of these two genipins by rheological and mechanical tests. The n-GE solution was prepared by dissolving genipin powder in a sodium phosphate buffer solution. The w-GE solution was prepared by warming the n-GE solution at 37 °C for 24 h. The mechanical tests for chitosan (CH)/genipin gels showed the crosslinking rate of w-GE was much greater than that of n-GE up until 6 h after preparation, whereas the degree of crosslinking of CH/n-GE gels became higher at 12 h. The ISO 10993-5 standard method, which is established specifically for evaluating cumulative cytotoxicity, determined equivalent IC50 for w-GE (0.173 mM) and n-GE (0.166 mM). On the other hand, custom-made cytotoxicity tests using a WST-8 assay after 1 h of cultivation showed that the acute cytotoxicity of w-GE was significantly higher than that of n-GE at concentrations between 0.1–5 mM. The acute cytotoxicity of w-GE should be taken into consideration in its practical uses, despite the fact that the much faster crosslinking of w-GE is useful as an effective cross linker for in-situ forming gels.
- Subjects :
- Technology
IC50
Aldehyde
Article
aldehyde
Chitosan
chemistry.chemical_compound
crosslinking
General Materials Science
genipin
hydrogel
cytotoxicity
injectable
Cross linker
Cytotoxicity
Dissolution
chemistry.chemical_classification
Microscopy
QC120-168.85
Chemistry
QH201-278.5
Phosphate buffered saline
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
TK1-9971
Descriptive and experimental mechanics
Genipin
Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
TA1-2040
Nuclear chemistry
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19961944
- Volume :
- 14
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Materials
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....76c569ccd10bbc22c65645f5e480460f
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216600