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Hydrophilic Shell Matrix Proteins of Nautilus pompilius and the Identification of a Core Set of Conchiferan Domains

Authors :
Keiji Kito
Kazuyoshi Endo
Yusuke Takeda
Masa-aki Yoshida
Takenori Sasaki
Kazuki Hirota
Kazuho Ikeo
Makiko Ishikawa
Keisuke Shimizu
Yukinobu Isowa
Davin H. E. Setiamarga
Source :
Genes; Volume 12; Issue 12; Pages: 1925, Genes, Vol 12, Iss 1925, p 1925 (2021), Genes
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2021.

Abstract

Despite being a member of the shelled mollusks (Conchiferans), most members of extant cephalopods have lost their external biomineralized shells, except for the basally diverging Nautilids. Here, we report the result of our study to identify major Shell Matrix Proteins and their domains in the Nautilid Nautilus pompilius, in order to gain a general insight into the evolution of Conchiferan Shell Matrix Proteins. In order to do so, we performed a multiomics study on the shell of N. pompilius, by conducting transcriptomics of its mantle tissue and proteomics of its shell matrix. Analyses of obtained data identified 61 distinct shell-specific sequences. Of the successfully annotated 27 sequences, protein domains were predicted in 19. Comparative analysis of Nautilus sequences with four Conchiferans for which Shell Matrix Protein data were available (the pacific oyster, the pearl oyster, the limpet and the Euhadra snail) revealed that three proteins and six protein domains were conserved in all Conchiferans. Interestingly, when the terrestrial Euhadra snail was excluded, another five proteins and six protein domains were found to be shared among the four marine Conchiferans. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that most of these proteins and domains were probably present in the ancestral Conchiferan, but employed in shell formation later and independently in most clades. Even though further studies utilizing deeper sequencing techniques to obtain genome and full-length sequences, and functional analyses, must be carried out in the future, our results here provide important pieces of information for the elucidation of the evolution of Conchiferan shells at the molecular level.

Details

ISSN :
20734425
Volume :
12
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Genes
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....7655ac11c95409ecbf899ffb334d2ffc
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121925