Admission Base Deficit in Pediatric Trauma: A Study Using the National Trauma Data Bank

Background: The base deficit, an important indicator of physiologic derangement after severe injury in adults, has not been specifically examined in the pediatric trauma population. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of the admission base deficit to predict injury severity and outcome in the pediatric trauma population. Methods: The study group included all patients in the National Trauma Data Bank over a 2-year period aged 0 to 12 years with a base deficit (0 to -30 mEq/L) recorded from the emergency department. Age, presence of a severe closed head injury, and base deficit were analyzed with respect to mortality and other indicators of injury severity. Results: A total of 515 patients constituted the study group. Base deficit less than -4 mEq/L (p < 0.001) and the presence of a closed head injury (odds ratio, 3.8; p < 0.05) were predictors of mortality. For the group, an admission base deficit of -8 mEq/L corresponded to a probability of mortality of 25%. Significant correlations were found between base deficit and emergency department systolic blood pressure, Injury Severity Score, and Revised Trauma Score. There was no relationship between age and mortality. Conclusion: In injured children, the admission base deficit reflects injury severity and predicts mortality. The probability of mortality increases precipitously in children with a base deficit less than -8 mEq/L, and should alert the clinician to the presence of potentially lethal injuries or uncompensated shock.