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Concurrent formation of peroxynitrite with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brain during middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in rats
- Source :
- Brain Research. 951:113-120
- Publication Year :
- 2002
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2002.
-
Abstract
- Peroxynitrite is assumed to play a crucial role in brain damage associated with the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). The purpose of this study is to examine time-dependent changes of nitrite and nitrate (NOx) concentration in the circulation, and peroxynitrite formation as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the penumbra of rat brains during transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) of Wistar rat for 2 h and reperfusion for 4–70 h. NOx concentration in the circulation was continuously monitored at the right jugular vein by microdialysis. The expression of iNOS was detected at 22–70 h after reperfusion in vascular walls and the cortex. Nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite, appeared 4 h after reperfusion in the cortex, increasing substantially at 22–46 h in vascular walls. NOx level in dialysate increased immediately after MCAO. After a gradual decrease, the level increased again 4 h after reperfusion, reaching a maximum at 46 h. Brain myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, was not detected 4 h after reperfusion, but greatly increased at 22 h and then decreased. These results suggest that a marked increase of NOx level in the circulation might reflect the expression of iNOS, while neuronal NOS may contribute to peroxynitrite formation in the cortex observed at an earlier phase of reperfusion. This study indicates that monitoring NOx level in the circulation serves to assess the progress of stroke, and to determine appropriate therapeutic measures.
- Subjects :
- Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Microdialysis
Neutrophils
Ischemia
Brain damage
Nitric Oxide
Nitric oxide
chemistry.chemical_compound
Peroxynitrous Acid
medicine.artery
Internal medicine
Reaction Time
medicine
Animals
Rats, Wistar
Molecular Biology
Peroxidase
Cerebral Cortex
biology
business.industry
General Neuroscience
Nitrotyrosine
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
Cerebral Infarction
medicine.disease
Rats
Nitric oxide synthase
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
Disease Models, Animal
Endocrinology
chemistry
Cerebrovascular Circulation
Reperfusion Injury
Anesthesia
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
Middle cerebral artery
biology.protein
Tyrosine
Neurology (clinical)
Nitric Oxide Synthase
medicine.symptom
business
Peroxynitrite
Developmental Biology
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00068993
- Volume :
- 951
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Brain Research
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7545132362405d1c0ded925c79a264c4