Fate of the Remnant Pancreas after Resection of Noninvasive Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm

Background The risk of local recurrence in the pancreatic remnant after resection of noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is not well defined. Study Design We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained pancreatic resection database that identified 78 patients who underwent resection for noninvasive IPMN between 1983 and 2006. Local recurrence was determined radiographically and confirmed either pathologically or clinically. Results At a median followup of 40 months, 6 patients (7.7%) have recurred locally, with a median interval of 22 months (range 8 to 62 months) from the time of resection. Three patients did not undergo additional operative treatment and died of disease progression. Three patients underwent additional resection and are alive without evidence of disease. The estimated 5-year local recurrence-free survival for all patients with noninvasive IPMN is 87%. One of 50 patients (2%) with margins negative for IPMN recurred versus 4 of 23 patients (17%) with margins positive for IPMN (p=0.02). Conclusions Patients who have undergone resection for noninvasive IPMN require indefinite surveillance because local recurrences may be identified several years from the initial operation and be resected while still noninvasive. Although the risk of local recurrence appears to increase in the setting of positive margins, the majority of patients with positive margins have not developed local recurrence. Negative margins should be the goal of the operation when achievable with partial pancreatectomy, but the risk of local recurrence is not high enough to mandate total pancreatectomy for microscopic positive margins.