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Phononics of Graphene Interfaced with Flowing Ionic Fluid: An Avenue for High Spatial Resolution Flow Sensor Applications
- Source :
- ACS Nano. 15:6998-7005
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- American Chemical Society (ACS), 2021.
-
Abstract
- While ionic flow over graphenic structures creates electromotive potential, there is a need to understand the local carrier density induced in graphene without any electrode-induced Fermi-level pinning. Here, we show the electrolyte-flow induced localized doping in graphene via inspecting its Raman phononic energy. Graphene's Fermi energy level has a logarithmic dependence to the flow velocity over 2 orders of magnitude of velocity (∼100 μm s-1 to 10 mm s-1). A theoretical model of the electric double layer (EDL) during ionic transport is used to correlate the Fermi level of graphene with the flow rate and the electronic structure (HOMO-LUMO levels) of the ionic species. This correlation can allow us to use graphene as a reliable, non-invasive, optical flow-sensor, where the flow rates can be measured at high spatial resolution for several lab-on-a-chip applications.
- Subjects :
- Materials science
Orders of magnitude (temperature)
General Physics and Astronomy
Ionic bonding
02 engineering and technology
010402 general chemistry
01 natural sciences
law.invention
symbols.namesake
law
Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters
General Materials Science
Physics::Chemical Physics
Electromotive force
business.industry
Graphene
Fermi level
General Engineering
Fermi energy
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
0104 chemical sciences
Volumetric flow rate
Flow velocity
symbols
Optoelectronics
0210 nano-technology
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1936086X and 19360851
- Volume :
- 15
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- ACS Nano
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....7480bc006a092ceadb684b8b6aba9da3