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Tick-borne pathogen detection in midgut and salivary glands of adult Ixodes ricinus
- Source :
- Parasites & Vectors, Parasites and Vectors, Parasites and Vectors, BioMed Central, 2019, 12 (1), ⟨10.1186/s13071-019-3418-7⟩, Parasites and Vectors 1 (12), . (2019), Parasites & Vectors, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2019)
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- BioMed Central, 2019.
-
Abstract
- International audience; BackgroundThe tick midgut and salivary glands represent the primary organs for pathogen acquisition and transmission, respectively. Specifically, the midgut is the first organ to have contact with pathogens during the blood meal uptake, while salivary glands along with their secretions play a crucial role in pathogen transmission to the host. Currently there is little data about pathogen composition and prevalence in Ixodes ricinus midgut and salivary glands. The present study investigated the presence of 32 pathogen species in the midgut and salivary glands of unfed I. ricinus males and females using high-throughput microfluidic real-time PCR. Such an approach is important for enriching the knowledge about pathogen distribution in distinct tick organs which should lead to a better understanding I. ricinus-borne disease epidemiology.ResultsBorrelia lusitaniae, Borrelia spielmanii and Borrelia garinii, were detected in both midgut and salivary glands suggesting that the migration of these pathogens between these two organs might not be triggered by the blood meal. In contrast, Borrelia afzelii was detected only in the tick midgut. Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia helvetica were the most frequently detected in ticks and were found in both males and females in the midgut and salivary glands. In contrast, Rickettsia felis was only detected in salivary glands. Finally, Borrelia miyamotoi and Babesia venatorum were detected only in males in both midguts and salivary glands. Among all collected ticks, between 10-21% of organs were co-infected. The most common bacterial co-infections in male and female midgut and salivary glands were Rickettsia helvetica+Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia helvetica+Borrelia lusitaniae, respectively.ConclusionsAnalysing tick-borne pathogen (TBP) presence in specific tick organs enabled us to (i) highlight contrasting results with well-established transmission mechanism postulates; (ii) venture new hypotheses concerning pathogen location and migration from midgut to salivary glands; and (iii) suggest other potential associations between pathogens not previously detected at the scale of the whole tick. This work highlights the importance of considering all tick scales (i.e. whole ticks vs organs) to study TBP ecology and represents another step towards improved understanding of TBP transmission.
- Subjects :
- Male
Ixodes ricinus
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Short Report
Borrelia miyamotoi
Tick
Salivary glands
medicine.disease_cause
Borrelia afzelii
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases
Microbiology
Midgut
parasitic diseases
medicine
Borrelia lusitaniae
Animals
lcsh:RC109-216
Tick-borne pathogens
biology
Co-infections
Ixodes
fungi
biology.organism_classification
bacterial infections and mycoses
Intestines
Rickettsia helvetica
Pathobiome
tick-borne pathogens
pathobiome
salivary glands
midgut
co-infections
Borrelia garinii
Female
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17563305
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Parasites & Vectors
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....738284c3183fddb80e6aad26d4da0fc0