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Dietary macronutrient regulation of acyl and desacyl ghrelin concentrations in children with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS)
- Source :
- Clinical Endocrinology. 93:579-589
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Background The effects of dietary macronutrients on orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones in children are poorly understood. Objective To explore effects of varying dietary macronutrients on appetite-regulating hormones [acyl ghrelin (AG) and desacyl ghrelin (DAG), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and insulin] in children with PWS and healthy children (HC). Design Randomized, cross-over experiments compared two test diets [high protein-low carbohydrate (HP-LC) and high protein-low fat (HP-LF)] to a STANDARD meal (55% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 15% protein). Experiment 1 included ten children with PWS (median age 6.63 years; BMI z 1.05); experiment 2 had seven HC (median age 12.54 years; BMI z 0.95). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 60-minute intervals for 4 hours. Independent linear mixed models were adjusted for age, sex and BMI z-score. Results Fasting and post-prandial AG and DAG concentrations are elevated in PWS children; the ratio of AG/DAG is normal. Food consumption reduced AG and DAG concentrations in both PWS and HC. GLP-1 levels were higher in PWS after the HP-LC and HP-LF meals than the STANDARD meal (P = .02-0.04). The fasting proinsulin to insulin ratio (0.08 vs 0.05) was higher in children with PWS (P = .05) than in HC. Average appetite scores in HC declined after all three meals (P = .02) but were lower after the HP-LC and HP-LF meals than the STANDARD meal. Conclusion Altered processing of proinsulin and increased GLP-1 secretion in children with PWS after a high protein meal intake might enhance satiety and reduce energy intake.
- Subjects :
- Blood Glucose
medicine.medical_specialty
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
media_common.quotation_subject
medicine.medical_treatment
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
Internal medicine
Orexigenic
Humans
Medicine
Protein meal
Child
Proinsulin
media_common
business.industry
Insulin
digestive, oral, and skin physiology
nutritional and metabolic diseases
Appetite
Fasting
Nutrients
Carbohydrate
Ghrelin
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
business
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Hormone
medicine.drug
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 13652265 and 03000664
- Volume :
- 93
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Clinical Endocrinology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....72bd4983469edc4cb8bfdcfb34d9fd4b