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Physiological and Psychological Responses to a Maximal Swimming Exercise Test in Adolescent Elite Athletes
- Source :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 9270, p 9270 (2021), Volume 18, Issue 17
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Background: Continuously rising performances in elite adolescent athletes requires increasing training loads. This training overload without professional monitoring, could lead to overtraining in these adolescents. Methods: 31 elite adolescent athletes (boys: n = 19, 16 yrs<br />girls: n = 12, 15 yrs) participated in a field-test which contained a unified warm-up and a 200 m maximal freestyle swimming test. Saliva samples for testosterone (T) in boys, estradiol (E) in girls and cortisol (C) in both genders were collected pre-, post- and 30 min post-exercise. Lactate levels were obtained pre- and post-exercise. Brunel Mood Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and psychosomatic symptoms questionnaires were filled out post-exercise. Results: Lactate levels differed between genders (boys: pre: 1.01 ± 0.26<br />post: 8.19 ± 3.24<br />girls: pre: 0.74 ± 0.23<br />post: 5.83 ± 2.48 mmol/L). C levels increased significantly in boys: pre- vs. post- (p = 0.009), pre- vs. 30 min post-exercise (p = 0.003). The T level (p = 0.0164) and T/C ratio (p = 0.0004) decreased after field test which draws attention to the possibility of overtraining. Maximal and resting heart rates did not differ between genders<br />however, heart rate recovery did (boys: 29.22 ± 7.4<br />girls: 40.58 ± 14.50 beats/min<br />p = 0.008). Conclusions: Our models can be used to explain the hormonal ratio changes (37.5–89.8%). Based on the results this method can induce hormonal response in elite adolescent athletes and can be used to notice irregularities with repeated measurements.
- Subjects :
- Male
Swimming exercise
Adolescent
Hydrocortisone
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
education
Physiology
Perceived Stress Scale
psychology
Article
Mood scale
Heart rate
medicine
Humans
Elite athletes
swimming
Saliva
Testosterone
Overtraining
business.industry
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
medicine.disease
Test (assessment)
overtraining
Athletes
physiology
Exercise Test
Medicine
Female
business
adolescent elite
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16604601
- Volume :
- 18
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International journal of environmental research and public health
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....72b7fa1aad722d7faa7ca5faaf29bb97