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Motor Cortical Excitability Assessed by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review
- Source :
- Brain Stimulation, Vol 7, Iss 2, Pp 158-169 (2014)
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2014.
-
Abstract
- Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular neurostimulation technique suitable for the investigation of inhibitory and facilitatory networks in the human motor system. In the last 20 years, several studies have used TMS to investigate cortical excitability in various psychiatric disorders, leading to a consequent improvement in pathophysiological understanding. However, little is known about the overlap and specificity of these findings across these conditions. Objective To provide a systematic review of TMS studies (1985–2013) focusing on motor cortical excitability in dementia, schizophrenia, affective disorders (major depression and bipolar), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette Syndrome (TS), substance abuse (alcohol, cocaine, cannabis, nicotine) and other disorders (borderline personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)). Methods Systematic literature-based review. Results Across disorders, patients displayed a general pattern of cortical disinhibition, while the most consistent results of reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition could be found in schizophrenia, OCD and Tourette Syndrome. In dementia, the most frequently reported finding was reduced short-latency afferent inhibition as a marker of cholinergic dysfunction. Conclusions The results of this systematic review indicate a general alteration in motor cortical inhibition in mental illness, rather than disease-specific changes. Changes in motor cortical excitability provide insight that can advance understanding of the pathophysiology underlying various psychiatric disorders. Further investigations are needed to improve the diagnostic application of these parameters.
- Subjects :
- medicine.medical_specialty
medicine.medical_treatment
Biophysics
Cortical inhibition
Tourette syndrome
lcsh:RC321-571
medicine
Humans
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation
Psychiatry
lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Borderline personality disorder
Neurostimulation
Mental Disorders
General Neuroscience
Motor Cortex
Psychiatric disorder
Cortical excitability
Evoked Potentials, Motor
medicine.disease
Mental illness
3. Good health
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Schizophrenia
Systematic review
Neurology (clinical)
Psychology
Neuroscience
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1935861X
- Volume :
- 7
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Brain Stimulation
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....71bb4bf71929fd84bdb00c05a05b385a